Blog · page 24

Bot engineering, in depth.

Page 24 of 26 — how trading bots actually work on Solana, Hyperliquid and Polymarket.

Smart Contracts

Dec 15, 2025·5 min read

Writing a Solidity CTF Adapter for Polymarket Automated Market Making

Polymarket's Conditional Token Framework uses ERC-1155 outcome shares settled through a UMA oracle — this tutorial shows how to write a Solidity adapter contract that wraps CTF splits and merges so a bot can atomically rebalance Yes/No positions in a single transaction. Includes Hardhat fork tests against Polygon mainnet state.

Dec 15, 2025·5 min read

Python vs Rust for Crypto HFT Bots: Where Python Breaks Down

Python dominates quant research but its GIL and garbage collector create hard ceilings for sub-millisecond execution. This article pins down the exact throughput thresholds where you must switch to Rust.

Dec 15, 2025·4 min read

What Does It Cost to Build a Solana Sniper Bot from Scratch

Beyond developer time, a production sniper bot requires co-located RPC nodes, Jito tip budgets, and ongoing maintenance. We break down realistic infrastructure and operational costs for a funded team.

Dec 14, 2025·6 min read

Is pump.fun Sniping Still Profitable in 2025? Honest Analysis

The pump.fun sniping meta has shifted significantly as bot saturation increased, graduation rates dropped, and Jito tip wars compressed margins — but a subset of operators are still extracting consistent edge by combining on-chain social signal filtering with sub-50 ms execution. We analyze six months of public chain data and interview three active sniper operators anonymously.

Dec 14, 2025·6 min read

Performance Metrics Beyond Sharpe for HFT Strategies

Calmar, Sortino, profit factor, fill ratio, and adverse-selection rate give you a far more honest picture of HFT strategy health than Sharpe alone. Here is how each metric is calculated, what it actually tells you, and a Python dashboard template that derives all of them directly from exchange trade logs.

Dec 14, 2025·6 min read

Event-Driven Trading: Crypto Listing Markets on Polymarket

Token-listing prediction markets on Polymarket compress months of uncertainty into a tradeable probability. Learn how to identify mispriced listing markets, backtest against historical exchange announcement data, and automate entry with the CLOB API.

Dec 10, 2025·4 min read

Hyperliquid Native API vs CCXT for Trading Bot Integration

CCXT offers a unified interface across 100+ exchanges while Hyperliquid's native API exposes order book depth and vault mechanics unavailable elsewhere — this guide shows which integration path wins for each bot type.

Dec 6, 2025·4 min read

Hyperliquid Funding Rates vs. Binance and Bybit: Where to Farm

Data-driven comparison of funding rate levels, volatility, and payout consistency across Hyperliquid, Binance perps, and Bybit to identify which venue delivers the most reliable yield for delta-neutral strategies.

Dec 6, 2025·5 min read

Best Frameworks for Building Hyperliquid Trading Bots in 2025

Comparison of the leading open-source and commercial frameworks for Hyperliquid bot development — Hummingbot, custom Rust stacks, and Python SDK wrappers — rated on latency, maintainability, and community support.

Dec 4, 2025·5 min read

Triton One RPC Pool vs Self-Hosted Node: Which Should You Choose?

Triton's shared pool delivers impressive uptime SLAs and global PoPs but introduces shared-queue jitter under network stress — we compare real throughput, cost per request, and operational burden against a self-managed bare-metal node for a 50 rps trading workload.

Dec 2, 2025·5 min read

MEV in Polymarket's AMM: Liquidity Pool Arbitrage and Mispricing Capture

Polymarket's CLOB and AMM hybrid creates exploitable mispricings when news breaks faster than market makers can update quotes. This article explains how to identify stale liquidity, build the arbitrage transaction, and manage the on-chain execution on Polygon.

Dec 1, 2025·4 min read

Hire a Solana Bot Developer: What to Vet Before You Pay

A concrete checklist for traders and founders on vetting on-chain proof-of-work, latency benchmarks, and custody guarantees before hiring a Solana bot developer.

Nov 30, 2025·4 min read

How Polymarket Resolution Works: UMA Oracles and Disputes

A technical breakdown of how Polymarket settles prediction markets via UMA's optimistic oracle, including the dispute window, bond mechanics, and what it means for bot strategies.

Nov 29, 2025·6 min read

Hyperliquid Builder Codes: Earn Rebates While Market Making

Builder codes let approved market makers recapture a share of taker fees on every fill — this guide walks through registration, fee tiers, and how to structure your quoting logic to maximize net rebate income. We compare rebate economics across three liquidity profiles to show when builder status flips your P&L positive.

Smart Contracts

Nov 28, 2025·5 min read

Anchor Account Discriminators and Type-Confusion Attack Vectors

Anchor prefixes every account with an 8-byte discriminator to prevent type confusion, but misuse of unchecked account deserialization can still bypass it. See exactly how this exploit works and how to enforce discriminator validation in every instruction handler.

Nov 26, 2025·5 min read

Cutting Order Latency on Hyperliquid WebSocket API to Sub-50ms

Hyperliquid's WebSocket feed delivers L2 order book updates and fills faster than its REST endpoints, but connection management, message parsing, and signing overhead still introduce hidden latency. This guide benchmarks Python vs Rust clients, shows how to pipeline order placement with book updates, and covers reconnect strategies that avoid missed fills.

Nov 26, 2025·5 min read

Handling Solana RPC Rate Limits (429s) Without Killing Your Bot

A practical guide to backoff strategies, request queuing, and multi-provider failover when your trading bot hits RPC rate limits mid-session. Covers per-method quotas on QuickNode, Helius, and Triton, plus how to size your plan to actual call volume.

Nov 26, 2025·4 min read

Polymarket CLOB API: Order Book Integration Guide

Step-by-step walkthrough of authenticating with Polymarket's Central Limit Order Book API, streaming live order book snapshots, and submitting limit orders programmatically using Python and the py-clob-client SDK.

Smart Contracts

Nov 22, 2025·5 min read

Best Rust Libraries for On-Chain Math in Solana Trading Programs

Floating-point is banned on-chain, so safe fixed-point arithmetic is essential for pricing, fee calculation, and PnL settlement. We benchmark fixed, uint, and spl-math against each other for precision and CU cost in real trading workloads.

Nov 22, 2025·5 min read

How Solana Sniper Bots Exploit Pump.fun Bonding Curves

A technical breakdown of how bonding curve price discovery on pump.fun creates exploitable entry windows, and how sniper bots detect graduation events and front-run the Raydium pool migration within milliseconds.

Nov 19, 2025·4 min read

Prediction Strategy Bots: Edge Modeling on Polymarket

Learn how automated bots extract probabilistic edge on Polymarket by modeling crowd-implied prices and applying Kelly sizing for disciplined position management.

Nov 17, 2025·5 min read

Sandwich Attacks on Solana: Mechanics and Defenses

How sandwich bots exploit Solana without a public mempool — and the concrete defenses every trader and protocol builder should deploy.

Nov 17, 2025·6 min read

Polymarket CLOB API: Order Types, Fill Logic & Execution

A hands-on walkthrough of Polymarket's Central Limit Order Book API covering limit, market, and GTC/GTD order types, how fills are matched on-chain via the CTF Exchange, and latency considerations for algorithmic traders.

Nov 16, 2025·8 min read

Crypto Trading Bot Glossary: 60 Terms Builders Must Know

Every critical term across sniping, MEV, market-making, and trading infrastructure — one definitive crypto trading bot glossary for builders.